What are the challenges in ensuring that forest certification schemes effectively promote sustainable forest management and contribute to reducing deforestation and erosion in Vietnam?

... causing widespread fragmentation of rainforests. These fragmented ... The demand for land that is currently causing tropical forests to be burned ... For example, 52 per cent of all land used for food production is moderately or severely impacted by the erosion of healthy soil. This occurs when trees are ... ... mainly due to their ... The widespread destruction of mangroves has led to increased siltation of coral reefs, changes in seagrass beds, and coastal erosion. ... caused and are still causing. Page 13. 14. Fo re wo rd ... At 227 million ha of forests, more than one-third of Europe's land surface is forested. indirect, but equally important, long-term costs include soil erosion, flooding ... of widespread 'informal' land transactions and underreporting of sales. They accelerate surface runoff and soil erosion, loss of organic matter and fertility and disruption in cycles of water, organic carbon and plant nutrients. An increase in atmospheric oxygen and relatively dry climate may cause forest fires. ... Many studies indicate that soil erosion is mainly caused and exacerbated ... ... deforestation was found mainly in Southeast Asia. The region with the ... causes forest conversions, which ultimately leads to soil erosion. The ... Sep 28, 2020 ... ... cause was long-range transport of pollutants, mainly sulfur, was compelling. There was a secondary focus on the health of forests in ... It results in food crop contamination and disease. Soil pollutants wash into rivers causing water pollution. Deforestation causes soil erosion, liberates ...